In order to understand the role of Occupational Therapy in mental health, you need to understand the theory behind it. Occupational Science, the foundational theory behind occupational therapy, draws on the principles of neuroplasticity to explain how our daily activities shape our mental health and well-being.
Some people say “you are what you eat.” Occupational Science says you are what you do. Every single thing that you do from the moment that you wake up in the morning to the moment that you go to sleep at night shapes your identity, the roles that you play in life, your relationships with others, your self-narrative, and your sense of life meaning. This theory examines what we do, how we engage in activities that are meaningful to us, and why - and how the answers to these questions relate to our identity, well-being, and life purpose.
Humans as Occupational Beings
As occupational beings, we are designed to do. Occupational Science is grounded in the understanding that human beings are inherently active and purposeful. It studies the everyday activities, or occupations, that people engage in and how these activities contribute to health and well-being. Key to this understanding is the concept of neuroplasticity - the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. This means that the activities we engage in can actually shape the structure and function of our brains. Engaging in meaningful activities is not only natural to us - it’s essential to our holistic wellness.
Occupational Balance
Occupational balance is more than just time management; it's about fulfilling our needs across different areas of life. It involves engaging in a variety of activities that provide physical, mental, emotional, and social benefits. Occupational balance refers to the harmonious arrangement of daily activities that provide satisfaction and promote well-being. It encompasses a balance between work, rest, self-care, and leisure activities, ensuring that no single activity dominates our time at the expense of others. According to occupational science, a well-balanced life includes meaningful participation in various occupations, which can positively impact overall health and well-being (Wilcock, 2006).